What are the SDGs and what are the targets?

THE 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015 aimed at providing a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity.

At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), an urgent call for action in a global partnership.

They recognise that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.

The 17 goals have 169 targets to be achieved by 2030, but progress has been poor. The latest UN report showed that only 17% per cent of the targets established were on track to be achieved by 2030; 50% had shown minimal or moderate progress and one-third had stalled or regressed.

Here are all the SDGs, the targets and the global academic hub lead for each one.

ERADICATE extreme poverty, people living on less than $1.25 a day.
Reduce at least by half people living in poverty.
Implement social protection systems and measures for all.
Ensure that all people have equal rights to economic resources.
Build the resilience of the poor to climate events and other and disasters.
Ensure significant mobilization of resources to end poverty.
Create sound policy frameworks to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication.

END hunger and ensure access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food.
End all forms of malnutrition.
Double the agricultural productivity.
Ensure sustainable food production systems.
Maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, plants and farmed and domesticated animals.
Increase investment in rural infrastructure.
Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets.
Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets.

REDUCE the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.
End preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years.
End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases
Reduce by one third premature births.
Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse.
Halve the number of global deaths from road traffic accidents.
Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care.
Achieve universal essential health-care.
Substantially reduce deaths and illnesses from chemicals and air, water and soil pollution.
Strengthen tobacco control.
Support the research and development of vaccines diseases that affect developing countries.
Substantially increase health financing, especially in least developed countries and small island developing states.
Strengthen the capacity of all countries for early warning, risk reduction and management of global health risks.

ENSURE that all girls and boys complete free primary and secondary education.
Ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development.
Ensure equal access for all to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university.
Substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills for employment.
Eliminate gender disparities in education.
Ensure that all youth and most adults achieve literacy and numeracy.
Ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge needed to promote sustainable development.
Build and upgrade education facilities.
Substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries.
Substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers.

END discrimination against women and girls.
Eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls.
Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation.
Recognise and value unpaid care and domestic work.
Ensure women's full and effective participation for leadership at all levels.
Ensure access to sexual and reproductive health.
Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources.
Enhance the use of enabling technology to promote the empowerment of women
Adopt and strengthen policies and legislation on gender equality.

ACHIEVE universal access to safe and affordable drinking water.
Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene and end open defecation.
Improve water quality by reducing pollution.
Substantially increase water-use efficiency.
Implement integrated water resources management at all levels.
Protect and restore water-related ecosystems.
Expand international co-operation to developing countries in water and sanitation.
Support and strengthen local communities in improving water management.

ENSURE universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services.
Increase substantially the share of renewable energy.
Double the global rate of energy efficiency.
Enhance international co-operation for clean energy research and technology.
Expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy.

SUSTAIN per capita economic growth at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries.
Achieve higher levels of economic productivity.
Promote policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation.
Improve global resource efficiency in consumption and production.
Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men.
Reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training.
Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour.
Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments.
implement policies to promote sustainable tourism.
Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries.
Develop and operationalise a global strategy for youth employment.
Strengthen the capacity of financial institutions.

DEVELOP quality, reliable, and sustainable infrastructure.
Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and significantly raise industry's share of employment and gross domestic product.
Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises to financial services.
Upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable.
Enhance scientific research.
Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries.
Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries.
Significantly increase access to information and communications technology.

ACHIEVE and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population.
Empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all.
Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome.
Adopt policies that progressively achieve greater equality.
Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions.
Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions.
Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people.
Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries.
Encourage assistance and financial flows to the least developed countries.
Reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances.

ENSURE access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing.
Provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all.
Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage.
Significantly reduce the number of people affected by disasters.
Reduce the environmental impact of cities, paying special attention to air quality and waste management.
Provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces.
Strengthening national and regional development planning.
Implement integrated policies and plans towards to climate change and resilience to disasters.
Support least developed countries in building sustainable and resilient.

IMPLEMENT the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns.
Achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources.
Halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and along production and supply chains.
Achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and wastes.
Substantially reduce waste through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.
Encourage companies to adopt sustainable.
Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities.
Ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development.
Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity for more sustainable consumption and production.
Develop and implement tools to monitor impacts for sustainable.
Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage waste.

STRENGTHEN resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries.
Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.
Improve education on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.
Implement the commitment to a goal of mobilising jointly $100 billion annually to address the needs of developing countries.
Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning in least developed countries and small island developing States.

PREVENT and reduce marine pollution of all kinds.
Sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems.
Minimise and address the impacts of ocean acidification.
Effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices.
Conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas.
Prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing.
Increase the economic benefits to small island developing states and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources.
Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology.
Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets.
Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans.

ENSURE the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems.
Promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, and restore degraded forests.
Combat desertification, restore degraded land.
Ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems.
Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats to protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.
Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilisation of genetic resources.
Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna.
Introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems.
Integrate ecosystem and biodiversity into national and local planning.
Mobilise and increase financial resources.
Mobilise significant resources to finance sustainable forest management.
Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species.

REDUCE all forms of violence and related deaths.
End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against children.
Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice.
Significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows.
Substantially reduce corruption and bribery.
Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions.
Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making.
Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance.
Provide legal identity for all, including birth registration.
Strengthen relevant national institutions to prevent violence and
combat terrorism and crime.
Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development.
Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms.

STRENGTHEN domestic resource mobilisation to improve tax and other revenue collection.
Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments.
Mobilise additional financial resources for developing countries.
Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability.
Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries.
Enhance the North-South, the South-South and the triangular regional and international co-operation.
Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries.
Fully operationalise the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries.
Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non鈥慸iscriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organisation.
Significantly increase the exports of developing countries.
Realise the timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access.
Enhance global macroeconomic stability.
Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development.
Respect each country's policy space and leadership.
Enhance the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development.
Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships.
Enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States.
Build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development.